Disclaimer: Some links jump to outside sites for further information on the Bible, interpretations, the canon, translations, manuscripts, resources, and other perspectives. Links do not constitute an endorsement by the Women's Division of the information on other web sites. External web sites offer us diverse perspectives; afford us an opportunity to compare them to United Methodist positions; and, encourage us to critically analyze the issues raised by The Bible: the Book that Bridges the Millennia web pages.
The Christian Catacombs in Rome. This web site has photographs from the catacombs that show and explain the Good Shepherd, Orante (praying figure), monogram of Christ, fish, Alpha and Omega, phoenix, and dove. Although the Orante illustrated on this web page is male, examples of female praying figures are also in the catacombs.
The Christian Catacombs in Rome is a multilingual site, offered in ten different languages, including Spanish and Korean.
The "Palace" of Diocletian. The city of Spalato, which means "little palace", was founded by the emperor Diocletian on the coast of Dalmatia. This site, which focuses on architecture, has information about Diocletian and Constantine.
Philo of Alexandria a modern oil painting by Meyer Lieberman.
Roman Emperors (27 BC - 476 AD): A visual compendium of sculptures of almost all of the Roman emperors with pictures of other related art, a timeline, links to background information and books about the emperors.
Alexandria during the Roman Empire. A short history of this city.
A Page from the Babylonian Talmud. The standard printed Talmud page, as reproduced on this site, spans many centuries of Jewish religious scholarship, from the Bible to the beginning of the twentieth century.
Early Christian Authorities. Early Christians, both orthodox and heretic, are included if he or it gives important evidence on the development of the canon of the New Testament before 400 CE, when the first complete manuscripts of the Vulgate were issued.
Jewish Talmud and the Mishnah. Produced by Prof. Eliezer Segal, this interactive site walks you through the Talmud and Misnah, and translates it into English.
Philo of Alexandria. Loads of links to materials about this famous Jewish philosopher and theologian.
Thessaloniki. Thessaloniki, the second largest city in Greece, was foundedabout 315 B.C., on a site of old prehistoric settlements going back to 2300 B.C., by Cassander, King of Macedonia, and was named after his wife, Thessaloniki, sister of Alexander The Great. In Roman times it was visited by Saint Paul, who preached the new religion, and who later addressed his two well-known epistles (the oldest written documents of Christian literature) to the Christians of Thessaloniki.
Versions of the New Testament by Robert B. Waltz: * Anglo-Saxon * Arabic * Armenian * Coptic: Sahidic, Bohairic, Other Coptic versions * Ethiopic * Georgian * Gothic * Latin: Old Latin , Vulgate * Old Church Slavonic * Syriac: Diatessaron, Old Syriac, Peshitta, Philoxenian, Harklean, Palestinian, "Karkaphensian." This page is long; lots of content. It also has pictures of some of these old manuscripts.
Encyclopedia of Early Church Leaders. Produced by the University of Evansville, this site lists resources and articles on early church leaders.
Fathers of the Church. Writings of the early church fathers from the Wesley Center, Northwest Nazarene College.
Guide to Early Church Documents. This index created by the Institute for Christian Leadership gives a lot of information on the New Testament Canon; writings of the Apostolic Fathers; Patristic Texts; Creeds; and many other documents.
Justin Martyr. Christian apologist, born at Flavia Neapolis, about A.D. 100, converted to Christianity about A.D. 130, taught and defended the Christian religion in Asia Minor and at Rome, where he suffered martyrdom about the year 165. Information from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
St. Pachomius Library. Orthodox patristic texts, liturgical documents, and saints' lives of all eras available without charge on the Net. Some of these are part of the St. Pachomius Library; the rest are at other sites.
Writings of the Early Church Fathers. The Early Church Fathers is a 38-volume collection of writings on the web from the first 800 years of the Church. This collection is divided into three series, Ante-Nicene, Nicene and Post-Nicene Series I, and Nicene and Post-Nicene Series II.
From Jesus to Christ: The First Christians from PBS Frontline. New Testament theologians, archaeologists and historians who serve as both critics and storyteller key issues, disagreements and critical problems relating to Jesus' life and the evolution of Christianity.
Process of Canon Selection by Maxine Clarke Beach (UMW Resource).
Writing in Egypt under Greek and Roman Rule by Peter van Minnen. A history of writings and information about manuscripts (papyrus) that are available. Photos of manuscripts are included too from the Papyrus home page, Duke University.
Christian Heresies of the Classical Era. Articles about and primary sources on Arianism, Docetism, Donatism, Eunomianism, Gnosticism, Manichaeism, Marcionism, Monarchianism, Nestorianism, Origenism, Pelagianism
The Gnostic Society Library. This site explores Jewish and Christian Apocryphal material, the Peudepigrapha, Gnostic writings, writings against the Gnostics by the Church Fathers, and much more.
Gospel of Thomas. Everything you ever wanted to know about the Gospel of Thomas.
The Nag Hammadi Library. A collection of thirteen ancient codices containing over fifty texts, which was discovered in upper Egypt in 1945. This discovery includes a large number of primary Gnostic scriptures -- texts once thought to have been entirely destroyed during the early Christian struggle to define "orthodoxy" -- texts such as the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Philip, and the Gospel of Truth
The Earliest Account of a Martyrdom in Coptic by Peter van Minnen. This papyrus from Egypt contains the record of the trial and execution by burning of an otherwise unknown Christian priest, Stephanos, of the village of Lenaios in Middle Egypt. The early date of the manuscript, which can be assigned to the second half of the fourth century A.D., makes it the earliest Coptic martyrdom in existence, roughly contemporary with the earliest Greek martyrdoms on papyrus. Click here for a picture of the papyrus, 216K.
Justin Martyr. Biographical information, links, and an icon of Justin.
The Martyrdom of Polycarp. The earliest preserved Christian martyrology, probably from the latter part of the second century (not too long after the event). Records the tradition of the trial and execution (burned at the stake) of Polycarp.
Perpetua. Links to primary and secondary resources about Perpetua and other martyrs.
Perpetua and Felicitas. The story of two women who were martyred.
St. Catherine of Alexandria, (c. 290-c.310)
Map of Early Christianity. This map is interactive. Click on any city marked with a red dot (Alexandria, Antioch, Edessa, Rome, Lyons) and learn more about that city.
Church History Timeline: First Century through Fifteenth Century (Roman Catholic perspective)
Jerusalem At the Time of Jesus by David Van Biema, Time, April 16, 2001 with an interactive map.
Ecole Chronology Initiative (Early Church History Database)
Time Line of Church History (Eastern Orthodox perspective)
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"Lots of Links to Biblical Resources" has been compiled by the Rev. Nancy A. Carter, Ph.D. Please send suggestions and corrections to her at ncarter@gbgm-umc.org. Dr. Carter has an M.Div. from Union Theological Seminary in New York City, where she won the Hitchcock Award in Church History. Her Ph.D. is in literary studies (literature and theology) from American University in Washington, D.C. She has authored books for church laity including Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew: Who Do You Say That I Am?, a spiritual growth study for United Methodist Women written with Bishop Leontine T. C. Kelly.
